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Creating Inclusive PreK–12 STEM Learning Environments

Brief CoverBroadening participation in PreK–12 STEM provides ALL students with STEM learning experiences that can prepare them for civic life and the workforce.

Author/Presenter

Malcom Butler

Cory Buxton

Odis Johnson Jr.

Leanne Ketterlin-Geller

Catherine McCulloch

Natalie Nielsen

Arthur Powell

Year
2018
Short Description

This brief offers insights from National Science Foundation-supported research for education leaders and policymakers who are broadening participation in science, technology, engineering, and/or mathematics (STEM). Many of these insights confirm knowledge that has been reported in research literature; however, some offer a different perspective on familiar challenges.

Artificial Intelligence in Science Education Research: Current States and Challenges

The recent surge of artificial intelligence (AI) in science education has heightened interest among the NARST community—a curiosity about how technology can transform education that has lasted for decades. Founded in 1928, NARST is an international organization of thousands of members focused on improving science education through research. This growing interest is evidenced by the launch of the Research in Artificial Intelligence-Involved Science Education (RAISE) Research Interest Group in 2022 and the increasing number of AI-related studies presented at NARST conferences.

Author/Presenter

Gyeonggeon Lee

Minji Yun

Xiaoming Zhai

Kent Crippen 

Lead Organization(s)
Year
2025
Short Description

The recent surge of artificial intelligence (AI) in science education has heightened interest among the NARST community—a curiosity about how technology can transform education that has lasted for decades. This growing interest is evidenced by the launch of the Research in Artificial Intelligence-Involved Science Education (RAISE) Research Interest Group in 2022 and the increasing number of AI-related studies presented at NARST conferences. Despite the growth, limited studies have shed light on how the community members integrate AI into science education and the challenges. We systematically reviewed 36 AI-related papers presented at the 2024 NARST conference to address this gap.

Promoting Family Science Conversations in the LaCuKnoS Project

The Language, Culture, and Knowledge-building through Science (LaCuKnoS) project tests and refines a model of science teaching and learning that brings together current research on the role of language in science communication, the role of cultural and community connections in science engagement, and the ways people apply science knowledge to their daily decision making. One key component of the model brings families together as co-learners and co-teachers through family learning experiences.

Author/Presenter

Cory Buxton

Diana Crespo Camacho

Barbara Ettenauer

Lead Organization(s)
Year
2025
Short Description

The Language, Culture, and Knowledge-building through Science (LaCuKnoS) project tests and refines a model of science teaching and learning that brings together current research on the role of language in science communication, the role of cultural and community connections in science engagement, and the ways people apply science knowledge to their daily decision making. One key component of the model brings families together as co-learners and co-teachers through family learning experiences. We describe our work to promote more robust family conversations about science in our lives within an existing research practice partnership, using a two-tiered qualitative conversational analysis to compare the family conversations that result from three family engagement models: (a) family science festivals; (b) family science workshops; and (c) family science home learning.

Discursive Differences in Written Feedback of Individuals with Varied Teaching Experiences: Towards Validating Knowledge of Content and Teaching Specific to Proof

Fostering student engagement with mathematical reasoning and proving requires a special kind of teacher knowledge – Mathematical Knowledge for Teaching Proof (MKT-P). One important component of MKT-P is Knowledge of Content and Teaching specific to Proof (KCT-P), which is knowledge of pedagogical practices for supporting student learning of proof. Providing effective feedback on students' mathematical arguments is one of the key aspects of KCT-P.

Author/Presenter

Orly Buchbinder

Rebecca Butler

Sharon McCrone

Lead Organization(s)
Year
2025
Short Description

Fostering student engagement with mathematical reasoning and proving requires a special kind of teacher knowledge – Mathematical Knowledge for Teaching Proof (MKT-P). One important component of MKT-P is Knowledge of Content and Teaching specific to Proof (KCT-P), which is knowledge of pedagogical practices for supporting student learning of proof. Providing effective feedback on students' mathematical arguments is one of the key aspects of KCT-P. This study examined the qualitative differences in written feedback of secondary teachers, undergraduate mathematics and computer science majors, and pre-service teachers participating in a capstone course focused on mathematical reasoning and proving.

The Missing Middle? General and Special Educators’ Views of Effective Mathematics Instruction

General educators rarely receive adequate training for supporting students with disabilities (SWDs). We suggest a key contributing factor is the longstanding gap between special and general education researchers, which is especially pronounced in mathematics. Researchers from these fields work in isolation from one another, the result of what sociologists term “epistemic bunkers.” These cross-field divisions have pragmatic consequences. Well-established teaching strategies known to support SWDs are untouched in general teacher education.

Author/Presenter

Julie Cohen

Nathan Jones

Lynsey Gibbons

Year
2025
Short Description

General educators rarely receive adequate training for supporting students with disabilities (SWDs). We suggest a key contributing factor is the longstanding gap between special and general education researchers, which is especially pronounced in mathematics.

The Missing Middle? General and Special Educators’ Views of Effective Mathematics Instruction

General educators rarely receive adequate training for supporting students with disabilities (SWDs). We suggest a key contributing factor is the longstanding gap between special and general education researchers, which is especially pronounced in mathematics. Researchers from these fields work in isolation from one another, the result of what sociologists term “epistemic bunkers.” These cross-field divisions have pragmatic consequences. Well-established teaching strategies known to support SWDs are untouched in general teacher education.

Author/Presenter

Julie Cohen

Nathan Jones

Lynsey Gibbons

Year
2025
Short Description

General educators rarely receive adequate training for supporting students with disabilities (SWDs). We suggest a key contributing factor is the longstanding gap between special and general education researchers, which is especially pronounced in mathematics.

The Potential of Using AI to Improve Student Learning in STEM: Now and in the Future

The cover of the brief, The Potential of Using AI to Improve Student Learning in STEM: Now and in the FutureIn this brief, authors Namsoo Shin, Kevin Haudek, and Joseph Krajcik explore how artificial intelligence (AI) can serve as a transformative learning partner in K–12 STEM education.

Author/Presenter

Namsoo Shin, Kevin Haudek, Joseph Krajcik

Lead Organization(s)
Year
2025
Short Description

In this brief, The Potential of Using AI to Improve Student Learning in STEM: Now and in the Future, the authors examine the promise of AI as learning partner for students that offers personalized support and scaffolding.

Toward Ethical and Just AI in Education Research

Front cover of the Toward Ethical and Just AI in Education Research Brief. Includes a stylized CADRE logo.AI in education has many potential uses as well as limits, challenges, and dangers.

Author/Presenter

Tiffany Barnes, Joshua Danish, Samantha Finkelstein, Ole Molvig, Sarah Burriss, Megan Humburg, Heidi Reichert, Ally Limke
 

Year
2024
Short Description

AI in education has many potential uses as well as limits, challenges, and dangers. In this brief, the authors explore how to promote equitable and just educational futures with AI.

Strategies for Fostering Authentic Community Partnerships in STEM Education Research

Report cover showing a group of adults collaborating around a table.What are the opportunities and challenges for establishing community partnerships among K–12 STEM education researchers and Black and Brown communities?

Author/Presenter

Ceily Moore, Tyrisse Silmone, Davon L. Breedlove, Terrell R. Morton

Year
2024
Short Description

What are the opportunities and challenges for establishing community partnerships among K–12 STEM education researchers and Black and Brown communities? CADRE partners interviewed five community partners from diverse backgrounds in STEM education to understand how STEM education researchers can better engage with communities and share their insights in this brief.

Resources from the NSF DRK-12 Solicitation: Partnership Development Project Type Webinar

Image
NSF logo
Author/Presenter

CADRE

Year
2024
Short Description

On June 11, 2024, NSF program officers provided clarification on the NSF DRK-12 solicitation's partnership development project type. On June 11, 2024, NSF program officers provided clarification on the NSF DRK-12 solicitation's partnership development project type. View the slides, chat log resources, and recording from this information session.