Computer Science

Artificial Intelligence in Science Education Research: Current States and Challenges

The recent surge of artificial intelligence (AI) in science education has heightened interest among the NARST community—a curiosity about how technology can transform education that has lasted for decades. Founded in 1928, NARST is an international organization of thousands of members focused on improving science education through research. This growing interest is evidenced by the launch of the Research in Artificial Intelligence-Involved Science Education (RAISE) Research Interest Group in 2022 and the increasing number of AI-related studies presented at NARST conferences.

Author/Presenter

Gyeonggeon Lee

Minji Yun

Xiaoming Zhai

Kent Crippen 

Lead Organization(s)
Year
2025
Short Description

The recent surge of artificial intelligence (AI) in science education has heightened interest among the NARST community—a curiosity about how technology can transform education that has lasted for decades. This growing interest is evidenced by the launch of the Research in Artificial Intelligence-Involved Science Education (RAISE) Research Interest Group in 2022 and the increasing number of AI-related studies presented at NARST conferences. Despite the growth, limited studies have shed light on how the community members integrate AI into science education and the challenges. We systematically reviewed 36 AI-related papers presented at the 2024 NARST conference to address this gap.

Seeing Our World Through Data: Sixth Graders Integrating Data Investigations in Collaborative Knowledge Building

Data science, as a multidisciplinary field, has gained considerable interest in K-12 education. Prior research has explored innovative ways to introduce data science to young learners, emphasizing not only the development of data skills but also the connection of data science to students’ authentic inquiries and critical actions.

Author/Presenter

Bodong Chen

Leanne Ma

Vivian Yu Leung

Lead Organization(s)
Year
2025
Short Description

Prior research has explored innovative ways to introduce data science to young learners, emphasizing not only the development of data skills but also the connection of data science to students’ authentic inquiries and critical actions. Building on this foundation, this study aims to achieve two complementary goals: integrating Knowledge Building, a well-established pedagogical approach, into K-12 data science education, and enhancing students’ epistemic agency through data practices in knowledge building.

Toward Ontological Alignment: Coordinating Student Ideas with the Representational System of a Computational Modeling Unit for Science Learning

Computational modeling tools present unique opportunities and challenges for student learning. Each tool has a representational system that impacts the kinds of explorations students engage in. Inquiry aligned with a tool’s representational system can support more productive engagement toward target learning goals. However, little research has examined how teachers can make visible the ways students’ ideas about a phenomenon can be expressed and explored within a tool’s representational system.

Author/Presenter

Aditi Wagh

Leah F. Rosenbaum

Tamar Fuhrmann

Adelmo Eloy

Paulo Blikstein

Michelle Wilkerson

Year
2024
Short Description

Computational modeling tools present unique opportunities and challenges for student learning. Each tool has a representational system that impacts the kinds of explorations students engage in. Inquiry aligned with a tool’s representational system can support more productive engagement toward target learning goals. However, little research has examined how teachers can make visible the ways students’ ideas about a phenomenon can be expressed and explored within a tool’s representational system. In this paper, we elaborate on the construct of ontological alignment—that is, identifying and leveraging points of resonance between students’ existing ideas and the representational system of a tool.

Getting Unstuck Together: Creating Personally Authentic Programming Projects in a 4th Grade Classroom

Background and Context
Learning to create self-directed and personally authentic programming projects involves encountering challenges and learning to get unstuck.

Author/Presenter

Paulina Haduong

Karen Brennan

Lead Organization(s)
Year
2024
Short Description

Teachers play a central role in designing structures which encourage the development of students’ individual creative capacity and the classroom’s sense of community. We offer considerations for designing engaging and collaborative experiences in elementary and intermediate computing education.

Struggling to Detect Struggle in Students Playing a Science Exploration Game

The real-time detection of when a player is struggling presents an opportunity for game designers to design timely and meaningful interventions, as well as to provide targeted support that improves student learning and engagement. In this paper, we present a struggle detector in the context of students playing the learning game, Wake: Tales from the Aqualab.

Author/Presenter

Xiner Liu

Stefan Slater

Juliana Ma. Alexandra L. Andres

Luke Swanson

Jennifer Scianna

David Gagnon

Ryan S. Baker

Year
2023
Short Description

The real-time detection of when a player is struggling presents an opportunity for game designers to design timely and meaningful interventions, as well as to provide targeted support that improves student learning and engagement. In this paper, we present a struggle detector in the context of students playing the learning game, Wake: Tales from the Aqualab.

Struggling to Detect Struggle in Students Playing a Science Exploration Game

The real-time detection of when a player is struggling presents an opportunity for game designers to design timely and meaningful interventions, as well as to provide targeted support that improves student learning and engagement. In this paper, we present a struggle detector in the context of students playing the learning game, Wake: Tales from the Aqualab.

Author/Presenter

Xiner Liu

Stefan Slater

Juliana Ma. Alexandra L. Andres

Luke Swanson

Jennifer Scianna

David Gagnon

Ryan S. Baker

Year
2023
Short Description

The real-time detection of when a player is struggling presents an opportunity for game designers to design timely and meaningful interventions, as well as to provide targeted support that improves student learning and engagement. In this paper, we present a struggle detector in the context of students playing the learning game, Wake: Tales from the Aqualab.

Struggling to Detect Struggle in Students Playing a Science Exploration Game

The real-time detection of when a player is struggling presents an opportunity for game designers to design timely and meaningful interventions, as well as to provide targeted support that improves student learning and engagement. In this paper, we present a struggle detector in the context of students playing the learning game, Wake: Tales from the Aqualab.

Author/Presenter

Xiner Liu

Stefan Slater

Juliana Ma. Alexandra L. Andres

Luke Swanson

Jennifer Scianna

David Gagnon

Ryan S. Baker

Year
2023
Short Description

The real-time detection of when a player is struggling presents an opportunity for game designers to design timely and meaningful interventions, as well as to provide targeted support that improves student learning and engagement. In this paper, we present a struggle detector in the context of students playing the learning game, Wake: Tales from the Aqualab.