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Creating Inclusive PreK–12 STEM Learning Environments

Brief CoverBroadening participation in PreK–12 STEM provides ALL students with STEM learning experiences that can prepare them for civic life and the workforce.

Author/Presenter

Malcom Butler

Cory Buxton

Odis Johnson Jr.

Leanne Ketterlin-Geller

Catherine McCulloch

Natalie Nielsen

Arthur Powell

Year
2018
Short Description

This brief offers insights from National Science Foundation-supported research for education leaders and policymakers who are broadening participation in science, technology, engineering, and/or mathematics (STEM). Many of these insights confirm knowledge that has been reported in research literature; however, some offer a different perspective on familiar challenges.

Ways Researchers Can Use Teacher Noticing to Inform the Conceptualization of a Complex Teaching Practice

Prior research has examined teachers’ noticing in order to understand what factors affect teacher noticing and how mathematics teacher educators can support that noticing. We contend, however, that analyzing teachers’ noticing has the potential to be used for additional purposes. In this paper, we illustrate how we used teachers’ noticing as one tool for gaining insight into our conceptualization of a complex teaching practice—the practice of building on student mathematical thinking.

Author/Presenter

Shari L. Stockero

Keith R. Leatham

Blake E. Peterson

Year
2025
Short Description

Prior research has examined teachers’ noticing in order to understand what factors affect teacher noticing and how mathematics teacher educators can support that noticing. We contend, however, that analyzing teachers’ noticing has the potential to be used for additional purposes. In this paper, we illustrate how we used teachers’ noticing as one tool for gaining insight into our conceptualization of a complex teaching practice—the practice of building on student mathematical thinking.

Ways Researchers Can Use Teacher Noticing to Inform the Conceptualization of a Complex Teaching Practice

Prior research has examined teachers’ noticing in order to understand what factors affect teacher noticing and how mathematics teacher educators can support that noticing. We contend, however, that analyzing teachers’ noticing has the potential to be used for additional purposes. In this paper, we illustrate how we used teachers’ noticing as one tool for gaining insight into our conceptualization of a complex teaching practice—the practice of building on student mathematical thinking.

Author/Presenter

Shari L. Stockero

Keith R. Leatham

Blake E. Peterson

Year
2025
Short Description

Prior research has examined teachers’ noticing in order to understand what factors affect teacher noticing and how mathematics teacher educators can support that noticing. We contend, however, that analyzing teachers’ noticing has the potential to be used for additional purposes. In this paper, we illustrate how we used teachers’ noticing as one tool for gaining insight into our conceptualization of a complex teaching practice—the practice of building on student mathematical thinking.

The Role of Discrimination and Barriers in the Perceptions of Adolescents With and Without Disabilities of STEM Classes and Jobs

In STEM (science, technology, engineering, and math) fields, people with disabilities are underrepresented. This study aimed to determine what barriers might prevent students with and without disabilities from pursuing STEM careers. Differences in students’ interest in enrolling in advanced STEM courses and having a STEM career were evaluated in a sample of 438 students with (24.9%) and without disabilities (Mage = 15.09, SD = .82) recruited from public high schools in Southeastern United States.

Author/Presenter

Kelly Lynn Mulvey

Jacqueline Cerda-Smith

Angelina Joy

Martha Batul

Emine Ozturk

Year
2025
Short Description

In STEM (science, technology, engineering, and math) fields, people with disabilities are underrepresented. This study aimed to determine what barriers might prevent students with and without disabilities from pursuing STEM careers.

Promoting Family Science Conversations in the LaCuKnoS Project

The Language, Culture, and Knowledge-building through Science (LaCuKnoS) project tests and refines a model of science teaching and learning that brings together current research on the role of language in science communication, the role of cultural and community connections in science engagement, and the ways people apply science knowledge to their daily decision making. One key component of the model brings families together as co-learners and co-teachers through family learning experiences.

Author/Presenter

Cory Buxton

Diana Crespo Camacho

Barbara Ettenauer

Lead Organization(s)
Year
2025
Short Description

The Language, Culture, and Knowledge-building through Science (LaCuKnoS) project tests and refines a model of science teaching and learning that brings together current research on the role of language in science communication, the role of cultural and community connections in science engagement, and the ways people apply science knowledge to their daily decision making. One key component of the model brings families together as co-learners and co-teachers through family learning experiences. We describe our work to promote more robust family conversations about science in our lives within an existing research practice partnership, using a two-tiered qualitative conversational analysis to compare the family conversations that result from three family engagement models: (a) family science festivals; (b) family science workshops; and (c) family science home learning.

Development of an Observation Protocol for Teachers' Culturally and Linguistically Responsive Science Instruction

This study is part of a larger project on culturally and linguistically responsive instruction for multilingual learners (MLs) in biology (CLIMB), aimed at enhancing MLs’ engagement in science practices, biology content, and language development. We developed the CLIMB observation protocol to capture how teachers implement responsive instruction, integrating language development, biology content, and science practices.

Author/Presenter

Niki M. Koukoulidis

Mark. B Pacheco

Julie C. Brown

Jinnie Shin

Lead Organization(s)
Year
2025
Short Description

This study is part of a larger project on culturally and linguistically responsive instruction for multilingual learners (MLs) in biology (CLIMB), aimed at enhancing MLs’ engagement in science practices, biology content, and language development. We developed the CLIMB observation protocol to capture how teachers implement responsive instruction, integrating language development, biology content, and science practices. The protocol is comprised of six elements that align with research-backed practices to support MLs: Attention to Language, Multiple Modalities, Collaboration, Affirming Identities, Funds of Knowledge, and Sociopolitical Consciousness.

Characterizing Teacher Knowledge Tests and Their Use in the Mathematics Education Literature

We present findings from an analysis of tests of teacher mathematical knowledge identified over a 20-year period of mathematics education literature. This analysis is part of a larger project aimed at developing a repository of instruments and their associated validity evidence for use in mathematics education. We report on how these tests are discussed in the literature, with a focus on validity arguments and evidence. A key finding is that these tests are often presented in ways that do not support their use by the mathematics education community.

Author/Presenter

Pavneet Kaur Bharaj

Michele Carney

Heather Howell

Wendy M. Smith

James Smith

Year
2025
Short Description

We present findings from an analysis of tests of teacher mathematical knowledge identified over a 20-year period of mathematics education literature, and report on how these tests are discussed in the literature, with a focus on validity arguments and evidence.

Supporting Secondary Teachers’ Interest in Adopting Climate-Related Curricular Resources

The Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) provide guidance for climate education and scientific epistemology in secondary schools. This includes tools like climate models and observational data to help students understand global climate patterns. Despite this, teachers often have limited access to standards-based instructional resources on Earth’s climate and global climate change (GCC).

Author/Presenter

Silvia-Jessica Mostacedo-Marasovic

Brenda Costello

Amanda A. Olsen

Cory T. Forbes

Lead Organization(s)
Year
2025
Short Description

The Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) provide guidance for climate education and scientific epistemology in secondary schools. This includes tools like climate models and observational data to help students understand global climate patterns. Despite this, teachers often have limited access to standards-based instructional resources on Earth’s climate and global climate change (GCC). In 2022, we implemented a one-week national professional development program (PDP) for secondary teachers introducing two NGSS-aligned climate-related curricula: i) the EzGCM global climate model for students, and ii) carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) technologies. Our study explored, i) what demographic factors are associated with teachers’ assessments of these resources? and ii) what criteria do teachers consider when evaluating the potential adoption of climate-related curricula?

Supporting Secondary Teachers’ Interest in Adopting Climate-Related Curricular Resources

The Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) provide guidance for climate education and scientific epistemology in secondary schools. This includes tools like climate models and observational data to help students understand global climate patterns. Despite this, teachers often have limited access to standards-based instructional resources on Earth’s climate and global climate change (GCC).

Author/Presenter

Silvia-Jessica Mostacedo-Marasovic

Brenda Costello

Amanda A. Olsen

Cory T. Forbes

Lead Organization(s)
Year
2025
Short Description

The Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) provide guidance for climate education and scientific epistemology in secondary schools. This includes tools like climate models and observational data to help students understand global climate patterns. Despite this, teachers often have limited access to standards-based instructional resources on Earth’s climate and global climate change (GCC). In 2022, we implemented a one-week national professional development program (PDP) for secondary teachers introducing two NGSS-aligned climate-related curricula: i) the EzGCM global climate model for students, and ii) carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) technologies. Our study explored, i) what demographic factors are associated with teachers’ assessments of these resources? and ii) what criteria do teachers consider when evaluating the potential adoption of climate-related curricula?

Developing a Visual Model to Represent the Implementation of an Ambitious Mathematics Program

We describe the development of a visual model to represent the implementation of an ambitious mathematics program, which serves as an example of a complex educational reform. Visual models can be both conceptual and empirical, representing aspirational and theoretical perspectives while simultaneously incorporating empirical details specific to the context. Integrating conceptual and empirical aspects leads to tensions in managing the complexity of the model. Our process began with a simple model that guided our empirical work, which involved qualitative analysis.

Author/Presenter

Jeffrey Choppin

Saliha Al

Junnan Li

Charles E. Wilkes II

Ernesto Daniel Calleros

Lead Organization(s)
Year
2025
Short Description

We describe the development of a visual model to represent the implementation of an ambitious mathematics program, which serves as an example of a complex educational reform.