Broadening Participation

Creating Inclusive PreK–12 STEM Learning Environments

Brief CoverBroadening participation in PreK–12 STEM provides ALL students with STEM learning experiences that can prepare them for civic life and the workforce.

Author/Presenter

Malcom Butler

Cory Buxton

Odis Johnson Jr.

Leanne Ketterlin-Geller

Catherine McCulloch

Natalie Nielsen

Arthur Powell

Year
2018
Short Description

This brief offers insights from National Science Foundation-supported research for education leaders and policymakers who are broadening participation in science, technology, engineering, and/or mathematics (STEM). Many of these insights confirm knowledge that has been reported in research literature; however, some offer a different perspective on familiar challenges.

Elementary Teacher Practices for Culturally Responsive Mathematical Modeling

Culturally responsive mathematical modeling empowers teachers to build on the out-of-class resources that students bring to the classroom and empowers students to draw on their identities and experiences to inform mathematical work and take action. While professional development can support teachers’ learning of culturally responsive mathematics modeling, research on classroom enactments is limited. The aim of this study is to understand teachers’ practices for enacting culturally responsive mathematical modeling, including the opportunities and challenges they face.

Author/Presenter

Erin Turner

Mary Alice Carlson

Jonathon Brown

Mary Greene

Julia Aguirre

Jennifer Suh

Year
2026
Short Description

Culturally responsive mathematical modeling empowers teachers to build on the out-of-class resources that students bring to the classroom and empowers students to draw on their identities and experiences to inform mathematical work and take action. While professional development can support teachers’ learning of culturally responsive mathematics modeling, research on classroom enactments is limited. The aim of this study is to understand teachers’ practices for enacting culturally responsive mathematical modeling, including the opportunities and challenges they face.

Elementary Teacher Practices for Culturally Responsive Mathematical Modeling

Culturally responsive mathematical modeling empowers teachers to build on the out-of-class resources that students bring to the classroom and empowers students to draw on their identities and experiences to inform mathematical work and take action. While professional development can support teachers’ learning of culturally responsive mathematics modeling, research on classroom enactments is limited. The aim of this study is to understand teachers’ practices for enacting culturally responsive mathematical modeling, including the opportunities and challenges they face.

Author/Presenter

Erin Turner

Mary Alice Carlson

Jonathon Brown

Mary Greene

Julia Aguirre

Jennifer Suh

Year
2026
Short Description

Culturally responsive mathematical modeling empowers teachers to build on the out-of-class resources that students bring to the classroom and empowers students to draw on their identities and experiences to inform mathematical work and take action. While professional development can support teachers’ learning of culturally responsive mathematics modeling, research on classroom enactments is limited. The aim of this study is to understand teachers’ practices for enacting culturally responsive mathematical modeling, including the opportunities and challenges they face.

Elementary Teacher Practices for Culturally Responsive Mathematical Modeling

Culturally responsive mathematical modeling empowers teachers to build on the out-of-class resources that students bring to the classroom and empowers students to draw on their identities and experiences to inform mathematical work and take action. While professional development can support teachers’ learning of culturally responsive mathematics modeling, research on classroom enactments is limited. The aim of this study is to understand teachers’ practices for enacting culturally responsive mathematical modeling, including the opportunities and challenges they face.

Author/Presenter

Erin Turner

Mary Alice Carlson

Jonathon Brown

Mary Greene

Julia Aguirre

Jennifer Suh

Year
2026
Short Description

Culturally responsive mathematical modeling empowers teachers to build on the out-of-class resources that students bring to the classroom and empowers students to draw on their identities and experiences to inform mathematical work and take action. While professional development can support teachers’ learning of culturally responsive mathematics modeling, research on classroom enactments is limited. The aim of this study is to understand teachers’ practices for enacting culturally responsive mathematical modeling, including the opportunities and challenges they face.

Elementary Teacher Practices for Culturally Responsive Mathematical Modeling

Culturally responsive mathematical modeling empowers teachers to build on the out-of-class resources that students bring to the classroom and empowers students to draw on their identities and experiences to inform mathematical work and take action. While professional development can support teachers’ learning of culturally responsive mathematics modeling, research on classroom enactments is limited. The aim of this study is to understand teachers’ practices for enacting culturally responsive mathematical modeling, including the opportunities and challenges they face.

Author/Presenter

Erin Turner

Mary Alice Carlson

Jonathon Brown

Mary Greene

Julia Aguirre

Jennifer Suh

Year
2026
Short Description

Culturally responsive mathematical modeling empowers teachers to build on the out-of-class resources that students bring to the classroom and empowers students to draw on their identities and experiences to inform mathematical work and take action. While professional development can support teachers’ learning of culturally responsive mathematics modeling, research on classroom enactments is limited. The aim of this study is to understand teachers’ practices for enacting culturally responsive mathematical modeling, including the opportunities and challenges they face.

How Educational Leaders Think About Intersections of Identities and Disciplinary Learning in Science

American science education leaders play critical roles in promoting equity in education, but little is known about how they understand everyday classroom interactions where inequities related to intersectionality are evident. This study examines science leaders' sensemaking about a scenario depicting the experiences of a group of American Black girl elementary students in an engineering design lesson, focusing on what leaders notice and how they propose to intervene to address problematic aspects of the students' experience.

Author/Presenter

Riley Ceperich

William R. Penuel

Annie Allen

Trang Tran

Yamileth Salinas Del Val

Sarah Leonhart

Abby Rhinehart

Kristen Davidson

Lead Organization(s)
Year
2025
Short Description

American science education leaders play critical roles in promoting equity in education, but little is known about how they understand everyday classroom interactions where inequities related to intersectionality are evident. This study examines science leaders' sensemaking about a scenario depicting the experiences of a group of American Black girl elementary students in an engineering design lesson, focusing on what leaders notice and how they propose to intervene to address problematic aspects of the students' experience.

Inquiry-based Science Instruction for Students with Disabilities: A Systematic and Meta-analytic Review

Developing scientific literacy is necessary for students with disabilities (SWD) as it supports the ability to create solutions to real-world problems and understand current events, and it strengthens critical thinking, problem-solving, and complex communication skills. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate extant literature on inquiry-based science interventions for SWD in service of developing scientific practices. We identified 26 studies in 22 articles and 3 dissertations for inclusion in this review.

Author/Presenter

Sarah Emily Wilson

William J. Therrien

Jenna Gersib

Megan Rojo

Victoria J. VanUitert

Gail Lovette

Maria A. Longhi

Sarah Benson

Sarah R. Powell

Christian T. Doabler

Lead Organization(s)
Year
2025
Short Description

Developing scientific literacy is necessary for students with disabilities (SWD) as it supports the ability to create solutions to real-world problems and understand current events, and it strengthens critical thinking, problem-solving, and complex communication skills. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate extant literature on inquiry-based science interventions for SWD in service of developing scientific practices.

Beyond Implementation: How Teachers Reflect, Adapt, and Grow with an Innovative Science Curriculum

Innovative science curricula aim to transform classroom instruction by emphasizing socio-scientific issues (SSI), student-centered inquiry, and culturally relevant pedagogy. Engaging with new and innovative curricula has the potential to stretch teachers’ instructional practices when they fully commit to implementation, challenging them to navigate tensions between their existing approaches and reform-oriented teaching methods.

Author/Presenter

Rebecca R. Lesnefsky

Troy D. Sadler

David Fortus

Year
2025
Short Description

Innovative science curricula aim to transform classroom instruction by emphasizing socio-scientific issues (SSI), student-centered inquiry, and culturally relevant pedagogy. Engaging with new and innovative curricula has the potential to stretch teachers’ instructional practices when they fully commit to implementation, challenging them to navigate tensions between their existing approaches and reform-oriented teaching methods. The Expectancy-Value Theory (EVT) and the Interconnected Model of Professional Growth (IMPG) provide a lens for understanding the motivations behind teacher decisions when implementing such curricula and whether these decisions lead to professional learning. This study applies these frameworks to examine how two middle school science teachers, Andrew and Abby, navigated the implementation of the Grand Challenges (GC) curriculum, balancing the perceived costs, values, and challenges of integrating SSI into their instruction.

An Instructional Framework for Teaching STEM to Students with Moderate to Severe Disabilities

Answering questions and solving problems are critical skills that affect the quality of life for all people. The content areas of science and engineering traditionally and most directly address the processes of inquiry and problem-solving. While there is an increasing body of research surrounding teaching academic content (i.e., mathematics and science) as well as skills that are critical to support student success in these areas (i.e., communication and self-determination), the research supporting instruction of math, science, and engineering practices and processes are only emerging.

Author/Presenter

Leah Wood

Bree Jimenez

Ginevra Courtade

Lead Organization(s)
Year
2025
Short Description

Answering questions and solving problems are critical skills that affect the quality of life for all people. The content areas of science and engineering traditionally and most directly address the processes of inquiry and problem-solving. While there is an increasing body of research surrounding teaching academic content (i.e., mathematics and science) as well as skills that are critical to support student success in these areas (i.e., communication and self-determination), the research supporting instruction of math, science, and engineering practices and processes are only emerging. The purpose of this article is to provide a research-based framework for instructional design that provides ideas for cognitive accessibility and supports for students with MSD in STEM.

Project Bees Flyer

Project Bees is a NSF DRK-12 (#2515930) three-year project with the goal of focusing on teachers' development of engineering practices, including how teachers support their students' development of engineering-focused behaviors and mindsets through instruction. Through the use of research-based engineering curriculum, Youth Engineering Solutions (YES.mos.org) and the use of Universal Design and Research Based Practice for Students with extensive support needs our research team is developing equity driven engineering education.

Author/Presenter

The Project Bees Team

Lead Organization(s)
Year
2025
Short Description

Project Bees is a NSF DRK-12 three-year project with the goal of focusing on teachers' development of engineering practices, including how teachers support their students' development of engineering-focused behaviors and mindsets through instruction.