Discourse

Developing Models in the Classroom: Discussion Leading Strategies for Fostering Scientific Reasoning and Conceptual Understanding

This website describes a set of discussion-leading strategies to help students as they learn Scientific Reasoning Practices for Modeling. In addition to general strategies for fostering student participation in whole-class discussions, this site presents many specific strategies to foster modeling practices and deeper conceptual understanding of content through discussions. Thus it is focused on promoting both process (thinking skill) goals and content goals at the same time.

Author/Presenter

John Clement

Year
2018
Short Description

This website describes a set of discussion-leading strategies to help students as they learn Scientific Reasoning Practices for Modeling. In addition to general strategies for fostering student participation in whole-class discussions, this site presents many specific strategies to foster modeling practices and deeper conceptual understanding of content through discussions. Thus it is focused on promoting both process (thinking skill) goals and content goals at the same time.

Designing a Tool for Teacher Noticing for Equity in Mathematics Instruction

In this paper, we propose a mathematics professional development tool designed to support teachers’ noticing for equity and improve their ability to provide powerful mathematics and an inclusive discourse community for each and every student. Used within the context of coaching cycles, this tool serves as a reflection guide for teachers to consider the extent to which all students had opportunities and access to rigorous mathematics and a discourse community and were engaged as doers and communicators of mathematics during a lesson.

Author/Presenter

Zuhal Yilmaz

Kristen Malzahn

Daniel Heck

Paola Sztajn

Elizabeth A. Shaver

Year
2024
Short Description

In this paper, we propose a mathematics professional development tool designed to support teachers’ noticing for equity and improve their ability to provide powerful mathematics and an inclusive discourse community for each and every student.

Designing a Tool for Teacher Noticing for Equity in Mathematics Instruction

In this paper, we propose a mathematics professional development tool designed to support teachers’ noticing for equity and improve their ability to provide powerful mathematics and an inclusive discourse community for each and every student. Used within the context of coaching cycles, this tool serves as a reflection guide for teachers to consider the extent to which all students had opportunities and access to rigorous mathematics and a discourse community and were engaged as doers and communicators of mathematics during a lesson.

Author/Presenter

Zuhal Yilmaz

Kristen Malzahn

Daniel Heck

Paola Sztajn

Elizabeth A. Shaver

Year
2024
Short Description

In this paper, we propose a mathematics professional development tool designed to support teachers’ noticing for equity and improve their ability to provide powerful mathematics and an inclusive discourse community for each and every student.

Developing a Teaching Reflection Tool

Teacher reflection on the teaching and learning of mathematics is essential for driving instructional change. While teacher noticing is key to reflecting, this skill does not necessarily develop through teaching experience alone. Professional learning (PL) opportunities can play a critical role in supporting teachers’ use of reflection to purposefully cultivate their understanding of ways to attend, interpret and act on significant instructional moments (van Es et al., 2017).

Author/Presenter

Paola Sztajn

Daniel Heck

Kristen Malzahn

Zuhal Yilmaz

Year
2025
Short Description

Teacher reflection on the teaching and learning of mathematics is essential for driving instructional change. While teacher noticing is key to reflecting, this skill does not necessarily develop through teaching experience alone. Professional learning (PL) opportunities can play a critical role in supporting teachers’ use of reflection to purposefully cultivate their understanding of ways to attend, interpret and act on significant instructional moments (van Es et al., 2017). This oral communication focuses on the steps used to design, develop and pilot a reflection framework used with coaching support to enhance teachers’ ability to notice key aspects of high-quality mathematics discourse in the classroom.

Developing a Teaching Reflection Tool

Teacher reflection on the teaching and learning of mathematics is essential for driving instructional change. While teacher noticing is key to reflecting, this skill does not necessarily develop through teaching experience alone. Professional learning (PL) opportunities can play a critical role in supporting teachers’ use of reflection to purposefully cultivate their understanding of ways to attend, interpret and act on significant instructional moments (van Es et al., 2017).

Author/Presenter

Paola Sztajn

Daniel Heck

Kristen Malzahn

Zuhal Yilmaz

Year
2025
Short Description

Teacher reflection on the teaching and learning of mathematics is essential for driving instructional change. While teacher noticing is key to reflecting, this skill does not necessarily develop through teaching experience alone. Professional learning (PL) opportunities can play a critical role in supporting teachers’ use of reflection to purposefully cultivate their understanding of ways to attend, interpret and act on significant instructional moments (van Es et al., 2017). This oral communication focuses on the steps used to design, develop and pilot a reflection framework used with coaching support to enhance teachers’ ability to notice key aspects of high-quality mathematics discourse in the classroom.

Using Partner Interviews to Support Language and Mathematics Development for Elementary Multilingual Learners

While peer-to-peer conversations can be beneficial for children’s linguistic and mathematical development, the specific conditions needed to support optimal conversations remain elusive. As part of a larger project to infuse peer-to-peer interactions into mathematics instruction for multilingual students, 8- to 11-year-old children in the U.S. were videotaped by their teachers interviewing one another about their solution strategies to equal sharing problems.

Author/Presenter

R. Restani

R. Ambrose

R. Martin

M. Jiménez-Silva

S. Abdelrahim

X. Xu

A. Huynh

A. Albano

Year
2026
Short Description

While peer-to-peer conversations can be beneficial for children’s linguistic and mathematical development, the specific conditions needed to support optimal conversations remain elusive. As part of a larger project to infuse peer-to-peer interactions into mathematics instruction for multilingual students, 8- to 11-year-old children in the U.S. were videotaped by their teachers interviewing one another about their solution strategies to equal sharing problems.

Middle School Science Talk: Coupling Natural Language Processing with Classroom Video Analyses to Explore Discursive Resources in Hybrid Spaces

This study applies natural language processing and qualitative classroom video analyses to examine classroom discourse. Guided by hybridity theory, which emphasizes the benefits of blending everyday with academic language practices for expanding students’ opportunities to engage with disciplinary ideas, our study systematically identifies how teachers’ and students’ discursive resources operate in science classrooms.

Author/Presenter

Christine Lee Bae

Kamil Hankour

Kimberly Williamson

Morgan DeBusk-Lane

Year
2025
Short Description

This study applies natural language processing and qualitative classroom video analyses to examine classroom discourse. Guided by hybridity theory, which emphasizes the benefits of blending everyday with academic language practices for expanding students’ opportunities to engage with disciplinary ideas, our study systematically identifies how teachers’ and students’ discursive resources operate in science classrooms.

Developing Prospective Teachers’ Language-Expansive Noticing

Enacting reform-oriented, phenomenon-based instruction provides us an opportunity to more equitably teach science. Particularly, our teaching can be stronger when we elicit, notice and then use all students’ ideas and questions to inform how students collaborate to figure out phenomena. However, this is only possible if we learn to expansively notice the many language resources multilingual students have available for sharing their thinking, which requires teachers to see and hear beyond what has been traditionally privileged in school spaces.

Author/Presenter

María González-Howard

Carla Robinson

Sage Andersen

Mariana Vazquez Esparza

Nireyda Rodriguez

Lead Organization(s)
Year
2025
Short Description

Enacting reform-oriented, phenomenon-based instruction provides us an opportunity to more equitably teach science. Particularly, our teaching can be stronger when we elicit, notice and then use all students’ ideas and questions to inform how students collaborate to figure out phenomena. However, this is only possible if we learn to expansively notice the many language resources multilingual students have available for sharing their thinking, which requires teachers to see and hear beyond what has been traditionally privileged in school spaces. In this piece, we describe how we draw upon translanguaging theory and pedagogy to prepare prospective teachers to teach science with multilingual students.

Supporting Multilingual Students’ Mathematical Discourse Through Teacher Professional Development Grounded in Design-based Research: A Conceptual Framework

This conceptual paper presents a framework for supporting multilingual students’ mathematical discourse through teacher professional development grounded in design-based research (DBR). Drawing on sociocultural learning theory, the Integrated Language and Mathematics Project (ILMP) was co-developed with elementary educators to promote integrated instruction that simultaneously advances students’ mathematical understanding, language development, and cultural identity.

Author/Presenter

Margarita Jiménez-Silva

Robin Martin

Rachel Restani

Suzanne Abdelrahim

Tony Albano

Year
2025
Short Description

This conceptual paper presents a framework for supporting multilingual students’ mathematical discourse through teacher professional development grounded in design-based research (DBR). Drawing on sociocultural learning theory, the Integrated Language and Mathematics Project (ILMP) was co-developed with elementary educators to promote integrated instruction that simultaneously advances students’ mathematical understanding, language development, and cultural identity. The ILMP framework centers around three instructional pillars: attention to language, attention to mathematical thinking, and cultural responsiveness. Through collaborative inquiry cycles, educators engaged as learners, contributors, and designers of practice, iteratively enacting and reflecting on instructional strategies rooted in students’ linguistic and cultural assets.

Discursive Differences in Written Feedback of Individuals with Varied Teaching Experiences: Towards Validating Knowledge of Content and Teaching Specific to Proof

Fostering student engagement with mathematical reasoning and proving requires a special kind of teacher knowledge – Mathematical Knowledge for Teaching Proof (MKT-P). One important component of MKT-P is Knowledge of Content and Teaching specific to Proof (KCT-P), which is knowledge of pedagogical practices for supporting student learning of proof. Providing effective feedback on students' mathematical arguments is one of the key aspects of KCT-P.

Author/Presenter

Orly Buchbinder

Rebecca Butler

Sharon McCrone

Lead Organization(s)
Year
2025
Short Description

Fostering student engagement with mathematical reasoning and proving requires a special kind of teacher knowledge – Mathematical Knowledge for Teaching Proof (MKT-P). One important component of MKT-P is Knowledge of Content and Teaching specific to Proof (KCT-P), which is knowledge of pedagogical practices for supporting student learning of proof. Providing effective feedback on students' mathematical arguments is one of the key aspects of KCT-P. This study examined the qualitative differences in written feedback of secondary teachers, undergraduate mathematics and computer science majors, and pre-service teachers participating in a capstone course focused on mathematical reasoning and proving.